In recent months, the world has been shaken by the emergence of a novel coronavirus, also known as 2019-nCoV. The virus, which originated in Wuhan, China, has sparked a global conversation about public health, government response, and the overall threat level. Dr. Cheryl Hug-English offers a breakdown of what you need to know about the virus, its symptoms, how it spreads, and the U.S. government’s approach to containment.
Understanding the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
The novel coronavirus belongs to a family of viruses known for causing respiratory infections, ranging from the common cold to more severe illnesses like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). What makes 2019-nCoV particularly concerning is that it’s a new strain that had not previously been identified in humans. This lack of history makes the virus more unpredictable and requires extensive research to fully understand how it operates and spreads.
The virus was first detected in Wuhan, a city in China’s Hubei province, in December 2019. Since its emergence, it has spread rapidly across the globe, resulting in over 28,000 confirmed cases in China alone and a significant number of infections worldwide, including the United States. As of this writing, the virus has caused more than 500 deaths, with 191 cases reported outside China and 12 within the U.S. Although the majority of cases are in China, the rapid global transmission has raised concerns about a potential pandemic.
Recognizing the Symptoms of 2019-nCoV
Since 2019-nCoV is a newly identified virus, researchers are still studying its characteristics. However, it has been established that the virus primarily causes respiratory symptoms. Individuals infected with the virus may experience:
- Fever
- Cough
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
In some cases, symptoms can be mild and resemble a common cold or flu. The onset of symptoms usually occurs between two and 14 days after exposure to the virus, making it challenging to identify early cases. This incubation period allows the virus to spread undetected, as individuals may not show symptoms while being contagious.
The virus is believed to spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This mode of transmission is similar to other respiratory viruses like the flu. While the full extent of the disease’s severity is not yet known, reported cases have ranged from mild to severe, with some individuals requiring hospitalization.
How Health Authorities Are Identifying Cases
At present, testing for 2019-nCoV is primarily being conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC has developed a test specifically for the novel coronavirus, but access to it is still limited. However, efforts are underway to expand testing capabilities, and a rapid test is being developed to allow state and local labs to diagnose the virus more quickly. The Nevada State Public Health Lab, located at the University of Nevada, Reno, will soon be able to conduct tests for the virus, providing a crucial resource for local communities.
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for 2019-nCoV. Patients diagnosed with the virus are given supportive care, which includes managing symptoms and addressing complications such as pneumonia. However, research is ongoing to develop effective antiviral medications and vaccines to combat the virus.
U.S. Government Response to the Coronavirus Outbreak
The U.S. government has implemented several measures in response to the continued spread of 2019-nCoV, especially as the situation in China worsens. These steps are aimed at limiting the transmission of the virus within U.S. borders. Key actions include:
- Travel Restrictions: The U.S. has imposed temporary travel restrictions on foreign nationals who have visited China within the past 14 days. These individuals are currently prohibited from entering the U.S.
- Quarantine Measures: U.S. citizens returning from China’s Hubei province, the epicenter of the outbreak, are subject to a mandatory 14-day quarantine. Those returning from other parts of China are required to self-monitor for symptoms for 14 days, even if they do not show any immediate signs of illness.
These actions are part of a broader effort to prevent further spread of the virus and to protect public health. By restricting travel and implementing quarantines, the U.S. government hopes to contain the virus while health authorities work on developing treatments and vaccines.
Should You Be Worried About the Novel Coronavirus?
With all the media attention and growing public anxiety surrounding the novel coronavirus, it’s natural to wonder how concerned you should be. While the virus is serious and has the potential to cause significant illness, the overall risk to individuals in the United States remains low at this time.
It’s important to keep the current numbers in perspective. As of this writing, the U.S. has documented 12 confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV, and there have been no fatalities. Comparatively, the CDC has reported over 19 million cases of the flu this season, with 10,000 deaths from influenza. This underscores the importance of not panicking and understanding that the risk of catching the novel coronavirus remains low for most people.
That said, the 2019-nCoV outbreak does highlight the need for heightened awareness and precautionary measures, particularly during cold and flu season. Taking simple steps to protect yourself and others can go a long way in preventing respiratory illnesses, including the novel coronavirus.
Simple Steps to Protect Your Health
Whether you’re concerned about the flu, a cold, or the novel coronavirus, practicing good hygiene is crucial. The CDC recommends several actions to reduce the risk of getting sick:
- Wash Your Hands Frequently: Use soap and water to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. Hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of germs.
- Avoid Touching Your Face: Try not to touch your eyes, nose, and mouth, as these are common entry points for viruses.
- Stay Away from Sick People: Avoid close contact with individuals who are sick, as respiratory viruses spread easily in crowded or enclosed spaces.
- Stay Home When Sick: If you’re not feeling well, it’s best to stay home and avoid contact with others to prevent spreading illness.
- Cover Your Cough or Sneeze: Use a tissue or your elbow to cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and dispose of the tissue immediately.
- Disinfect Surfaces: Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs, countertops, and mobile devices.
At the University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, faculty and staff are closely monitoring the situation and staying up-to-date with CDC guidelines and recommendations. By keeping the public informed and encouraging healthy habits, medical professionals are working to promote safety and reduce the risk of disease transmission.
Final Thoughts
While the novel coronavirus is undoubtedly a serious public health concern, it’s essential to maintain perspective. The number of confirmed cases in the U.S. remains low, and the government is taking proactive measures to contain the virus. Meanwhile, health experts are working tirelessly to develop treatments and vaccines to address this emerging threat. By following good hygiene practices and staying informed, individuals can protect themselves and others from respiratory illnesses, including the novel coronavirus.